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Potential for Misuse of Products of Civil Pyrotechnics
Matoušek, Pavel ; Bartošková, Monika (referee) ; Němčák,, Ondřej (advisor)
This thesis analyses misuse potential of category 1, 2 and 3 firework´s products. An algorithm for selection of pyrotechnic products with the biggest potential of misuse was created and experimetally tested on common firework products. An experiment replicating the Boston incident was also conducted. And in this experiment was found out, that pyrotechnical compositions used in common firework products could have been used.
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Statistical anomaly detection methods of data communication
Woidig, Eduard ; Mangová, Marie (referee) ; Slavíček, Karel (advisor)
This thesis serves as a theoretical basis for a practical solution to the issue of the use of statistical methods for detecting anomalies in data traffic. The basic focus of anomaly detection data traffic is on the data attacks. Therefore, the main focus is the analysis of data attacks. Within the solving are data attacks sorted by protocols that attackers exploit for their own activities. Each section describes the protocol itself, its usage and behavior. For each protocol is gradually solved description of the attacks, including the methodology leading to the attack and penalties on an already compromised system or station. For the most serious attacks are outlined procedures for the detection and the potential defenses against them. These findings are summarized in the theoretical analysis, which should serve as a starting point for the practical part, which will be the analysis of real data traffic. The practical part is divided into several sections. The first of these describes the procedures for obtaining and preparing the samples to allow them to carry out further analysis. Further described herein are created scripts that are used for obtaining needed data from the recorded samples. These data are were analyzed in detail, using statistical methods such as time series and descriptive statistics. Subsequently acquired properties and monitored behavior is verified using artificial and real attacks, which is the original clean operation modified. Using a new analysis of the modified traffics compared with the original samples and an evaluation of whether it has been some kind of anomaly detected. The results and tracking are collectively summarized and evaluated in a separate chapter with a description of possible further attacks, which were not directly part of the test analysis.
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Abuse of dominance on the internet
Netrval, Daniel ; Navrátil, Petr (advisor) ; Svobodová, Magdaléna (referee)
1 Abuse of dominance on the internet Abstract The topic of the thesis is the traditional competition law delict of abuse of dominant position, but on the internet. The first, theoretical, chapters of the thesis focus on the development of the concept of abuse of dominance in the European Union law during the past decades. Subsequently, they describe the digital market, its specifics and defining characteristics. The next part of this thesis uses this information to describe the specifics of competition law regulation in relation to internet services. In particular, the specifics of the definition of relevant markets and market power are analysed. The practical part of the thesis deals with a case study of two European Commission decisions. Namely, the merger decision in Case COMP/M.7217 - Facebook / WhatsApp and the abuse of dominance decision in Case AT.39740 - Google Search (Shopping). The first decision was chosen because it provides a good example of definition of the relevant markets in relation to internet services, where the Commission had to define the relevant product market based on product characteristics. The antitrust decision is then described in the light of its complexity and the judicial review that has already taken place. It also touches the issue of self-preferencing as, in principle, a...
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Dominant position and its abuse in the Czech and European Community Law
Vavříček, Vladimír ; Svoboda, Pavel (referee) ; Šmejkal, Václav (referee)
This thesis addresses dominant position and its abuse in the Czech and in the European Community law, by the means of comparative method. Analyzes and comments on new, relevant courts practice and takes a closer look at reform of the competition law in the field of Art. 102 TFEU. For the sake of the global description of topic in question, the thesis briefly mentions concepts of economic position, economic dependency (significant market power) and their abuse and also presents concept of monopoly position and its abuse in antitrust law of the United States of America.
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Abuse of dominant position - individual forms of abusing practices under Community and Czech law
Nováková, Petra ; Horáček, Vít (advisor) ; Liška, Petr (referee)
Abuse of Dominant Position - Individual Forms of Abusing Practices under Community and Czech law Abstract Competition is a basic mechanism of the market economy. It encourages companies to provide consumers products they want, encourages innovation, and pushes the prices down. In order to be effective, competition needs independent undertakings which are subject to the competitive pressure. That was the reason why Competition law has developed. It should pre- eminently ensure to preserve the competition on the market. Competition law comprising three pillars, namely cartel agreements prohibition, merger control and the law against abuse of dominant position. This thesis focuses on the last mentioned branch of the competition law. Attention is aimed to the individual possible forms of abusive conduct of dominant undertakings. The text explicates this problem from the Czech and European law perspective and attempts to explain individual forms of abusing practices in the light of case law. It only contains substantial law, procedural law is not covered. The main aim of the thesis is to bring out the comparison between the legislation relating to the individual forms of abusing practices in the European law and Czech law and to find out if the approach of the competition authorities on the European and Czech...
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Legal aspects of tax planning in the direct tax area
Kamínková, Petra ; Karfíková, Marie (advisor) ; Boháč, Radim (referee) ; Papoušková, Zdenka (referee)
Title in English: Legal aspects of tax planning in the direct tax area Abstract: In 2012, the European Commission published its Recommendation on aggressive tax planning (2012/772/EU). To counteract aggressive tax planning, Member States should adopt a general anti-abuse rule (GAAR), which is drafted in the Recommendation. At that time, no one knew that GAARs would become obligatory for member states from 2019. In 2013, Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) started the BEPS Project, which is considered the biggest revolution in the international tax law system since its creation in the 1950s. I introduce these initiatives and the legal instruments they bring. I focus on GAARs, which I consider to be the most important instruments. Their vagueness allows them to tackle any tax planning scheme. Their importance in the direct tax area grows as they become part of tax treaties based on the Multilateral Convention to Implement Tax Treaty Related Measures to Prevent Base Erosion and Profit Shifting signed on 7 July 2017 and part of the national legal systems of the EU member states based on the Council Directive (EU) 2016/1164 of 12 July 2016, laying down rules against tax avoidance practices that directly affect the functioning of the internal market. First part of this thesis focuses on...
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Hierarchy and human behavior. BDSM as an alternative sexual behaviour.
Jozífková, Eva ; Weiss, Petr (advisor) ; Bob, Petr (referee) ; Zvěřina, Jaroslav (referee)
Preferences for sexual arousal by overstated dominance and submission in sex is categorized as F65.5, sadomasochism, according to ICD, but this behaviour is called BDSM among the general public. The ground of these preferences could be ultimately biological. These preferences reflect behavioural strategy which enables to gain higher reproductive success. Men and women who were sexually aroused by a submissive partner had more male relatives than men and women with other preferences. Contrary to the women, the dominant men reported themselves as more attractive. Women who were aroused by a higher-ranking partner considered themselves more attractive. Sons of couples in which was hierarchical disparity had more siblings than sons of "equal" couples or couples with no hierarchical disparity. Daughters of hierarchically disparate couples had more brothers than daughters of "both dominant" partners. Concurrently, number and gender of offspring as well as self- reported attractiveness are likely to be criteria of the reproductive success in humans. It is also interesting that hierarchically disparate couples, without regard to gender of higher-ranking partner, reached higher reproductive success than "equal" couples. Individuals who preferred higher- or lower-ranking partner were also aroused by...
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The use and misuse of ionizing and non- ionizing radiation
MAJEROVÁ, Natálie
This dissertation is divided in two parts: a theoretical, and a practical one. The purpose of the theoretical part is to introduce the reader to the elementary terms of ionizing and non-ionizing radiation, their types, sources, influence on humans, as well as possible manners of their use and abuse. The goal of the thesis is to evaluate possible use and abuse of ionizing and non-ionizing radiation. In the interest of clarity, the gathered information was included in the results chapter as a chart. The practical part deals primarily with the first research question whose aim was to establish the level of public awareness about ionizing and non-ionizing radiation. To get answers, the method of data collection by means of a questionnaire survey was employed. The questionnaire consisted of 19 questions in total. The first 3 questions split the respondents into categories based on their gender, age, and educational attainment. The main part of the questionnaire involved 12 closed-ended questions, evaluated by a test. The survey was concluded by 4 opened-ended questions. The questionnaire survey provided a multitude of findings, most importantly that the average public awareness of ionizing and non-ionizing radiation is 57.7%. Finally, the discussion part answers the second research question which sought to determine whether there's a greater danger of ionizing radiation sources being abused.
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Abuse of the Sources of Ionizing Radiation
NOVOTNÝ, Matěj
The goal of submitted bachelor thesis is to summarize the problem of a possible misuse of ionizing radiaton sources, and especially to evaluate the Region of South Bohemia´s citizens´ knowledge within the area of ionizing radiation sources misuse. To fulfill the given goals it is necessary to study expert literature as well as the formulation of hypotheses which are further tested and examined in action. Individual questions are subsequently processed and evaluated. Determined hypotheses are tested on the basis of parametirized and non-parametirized testing. The bachelor thesis should introduce the reader to the basic terms within the area of ionozong radiation problem and its positive and negative use. Mainly it includes terms such as ionizing radiation and its biological effects, protection from ionizing radiation, and its sources. Attention is also paid to the use of ionizing radiation in radiotherapeutic and radiologic departments, in nuclear medicine or industry. In the following theoretical part the thesis focuses on the misuse of ionizing radiation sources as well as on radiologic terrorism which occurs as a huge threat for the humankind, having been already fulfilled several times. Nowadays, the greatest risk has been the use of a radiological weapon, so-called ´dirty bomb´ which may be misused by radical terrorist groups or may be available on the ´black market´. The practical part focuses on the research connected to the Region of South Bohemia citizens´ knowledge within the area of ionizing radiation and its misuse. This research is implemented via a questionnare survey. The questionnare contains 13 multiple-choice questions. Each question contains 4 multiple-choice answers (in the form of a), b), c), d)) out of which only one is correct. Two cities and five municipalities in the region of South Bohemia were randomly selected. There were 200 questionnaires in total out of which the first half was meant for cities and the other one was meant for municipalities. Questionning was carried out among respondents within age categories of 18-70 and questionnaire survey was carried out during the period of May to June 2016. In general the evaluated results of the questionnaire survey have showed that most knowledge regarding the given topic of the bachelor thesis was average, rather below the average. To be more specific, a higher success rate was noticed in the interviewed city residents rather than in municipality citizens. The difference in response unsuccess rate may be found in questions no. 7, no. 10, and no. 11 when interviewed municipality citizens had worse results in 68% average in comparison to city residents. On the contrary, municipality citizens proved better knowledge in question no. 9. Questions number 1, also number 2 and number 3 got the highest response success rate in all intervewed city residents and municipality citizens, where approximately more than 50% of the interviewed replied correctly. The main benefit of the bachelor thesis is the gained image of the Region of South Bohemia cities and municipalities´ citizens´ knowledge of the possible misuse of ionizing radiation sources. The theoretical part may serve as a study text for students of Population Protection study subject or connected study subjects.
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Legal aspects of tax planning in the direct tax area
Kamínková, Petra ; Karfíková, Marie (advisor) ; Boháč, Radim (referee) ; Papoušková, Zdenka (referee)
Title in English: Legal aspects of tax planning in the direct tax area Abstract: In 2012, the European Commission published its Recommendation on aggressive tax planning (2012/772/EU). To counteract aggressive tax planning, Member States should adopt a general anti-abuse rule (GAAR), which is drafted in the Recommendation. At that time, no one knew that GAARs would become obligatory for member states from 2019. In 2013, Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) started the BEPS Project, which is considered the biggest revolution in the international tax law system since its creation in the 1950s. I introduce these initiatives and the legal instruments they bring. I focus on GAARs, which I consider to be the most important instruments. Their vagueness allows them to tackle any tax planning scheme. Their importance in the direct tax area grows as they become part of tax treaties based on the Multilateral Convention to Implement Tax Treaty Related Measures to Prevent Base Erosion and Profit Shifting signed on 7 July 2017 and part of the national legal systems of the EU member states based on the Council Directive (EU) 2016/1164 of 12 July 2016, laying down rules against tax avoidance practices that directly affect the functioning of the internal market. First part of this thesis focuses on...
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